1 00:00:20,100 --> 00:00:17,190 it's all about matters of the heart hi 2 00:00:35,460 --> 00:00:20,110 I'm NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson welcome 3 00:00:37,319 --> 00:00:35,470 to station life on today's show our 4 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:37,329 focus is going to be on matters of the 5 00:00:41,670 --> 00:00:39,130 heart as they relate to good 6 00:00:43,770 --> 00:00:41,680 cardiovascular health we'll take a look 7 00:00:46,470 --> 00:00:43,780 at how NASA is keeping our astronauts 8 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:46,480 hearts healthy authors and we'll also be 9 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:47,770 looking at some research that's being 10 00:00:51,060 --> 00:00:48,970 done on board the International Space 11 00:00:54,210 --> 00:00:51,070 Station that can keep all of us healthy 12 00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:54,220 here on the earth cardiovascular disease 13 00:00:58,680 --> 00:00:56,560 including heart disease stroke and high 14 00:01:01,200 --> 00:00:58,690 blood pressure is the number one killer 15 00:01:03,210 --> 00:01:01,210 of men and women across America many 16 00:01:04,829 --> 00:01:03,220 studies have shown that healthy habits 17 00:01:07,410 --> 00:01:04,839 including good nutrition and exercise 18 00:01:09,690 --> 00:01:07,420 are most important for maintaining a 19 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:09,700 healthy heart here on the earth those 20 00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:11,290 habits are even more important for 21 00:01:15,270 --> 00:01:13,090 astronauts working and living onboard 22 00:01:17,219 --> 00:01:15,280 the International Space Station the 23 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:17,229 cardiovascular system consists of the 24 00:01:21,149 --> 00:01:19,450 heart blood vessels and the approximate 25 00:01:23,429 --> 00:01:21,159 5 liters of blood that gets pumped 26 00:01:25,230 --> 00:01:23,439 throughout the entire body this system 27 00:01:27,149 --> 00:01:25,240 has the job of delivering oxygen and 28 00:01:29,459 --> 00:01:27,159 other nutrients to every cell in the 29 00:01:31,919 --> 00:01:29,469 body plus removing waste from those 30 00:01:33,690 --> 00:01:31,929 cells living in space for six months 31 00:01:36,209 --> 00:01:33,700 changes our bodies in a number of ways 32 00:01:38,550 --> 00:01:36,219 without gravity we lose bone mineral 33 00:01:41,249 --> 00:01:38,560 density our muscles atrophy our 34 00:01:42,959 --> 00:01:41,259 cardiovascular system gets weaker some 35 00:01:45,389 --> 00:01:42,969 of our studies have shown that in space 36 00:01:47,399 --> 00:01:45,399 the size and shape of our hearts may 37 00:01:49,559 --> 00:01:47,409 actually change which could impact 38 00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:49,569 humans ability to function well when we 39 00:01:54,629 --> 00:01:51,520 return back to earth or even land on 40 00:01:56,819 --> 00:01:54,639 Mars on earth our heart and blood 41 00:01:58,590 --> 00:01:56,829 vessels are well adapted to work against 42 00:02:01,349 --> 00:01:58,600 the downward pull of gravity in space 43 00:02:03,510 --> 00:02:01,359 however there's a tendency for blood and 44 00:02:04,319 --> 00:02:03,520 other bodily fluids to accumulate in the 45 00:02:05,879 --> 00:02:04,329 upper body 46 00:02:09,090 --> 00:02:05,889 let's take a look at one of the 47 00:02:11,010 --> 00:02:09,100 consequences of this fluid shift we have 48 00:02:13,320 --> 00:02:11,020 recently identified that some astronauts 49 00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:13,330 experience changes in their vision which 50 00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:14,530 might be related to the cardiovascular 51 00:02:19,740 --> 00:02:17,680 system our hearts pump blood around our 52 00:02:21,570 --> 00:02:19,750 body through blood vessels special 53 00:02:23,699 --> 00:02:21,580 adaptations in our bodies ensure that 54 00:02:24,670 --> 00:02:23,709 fluid is evenly distributed despite the 55 00:02:28,220 --> 00:02:24,680 pool of grass 56 00:02:29,690 --> 00:02:28,230 in space astronauts no longer 57 00:02:31,970 --> 00:02:29,700 experienced the downward pull of gravity 58 00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:31,980 and the fluid in their bodies tends to 59 00:02:37,310 --> 00:02:34,220 move towards the upper body in the head 60 00:02:38,990 --> 00:02:37,320 our cranium is a rigid container as the 61 00:02:40,610 --> 00:02:39,000 fluid moves towards the head it causes 62 00:02:42,650 --> 00:02:40,620 the pressure inside the skull to rise 63 00:02:45,830 --> 00:02:42,660 this is known as increased intracranial 64 00:02:47,780 --> 00:02:45,840 pressure the optic nerve travels from 65 00:02:49,610 --> 00:02:47,790 the brain to the eye the increased 66 00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:49,620 pressure from the cranium travels down 67 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:51,990 the nerve and affects the eye it causes 68 00:02:55,610 --> 00:02:53,850 the optic nerve to be squeezed in the 69 00:02:57,950 --> 00:02:55,620 optic disc where the optic nerve meets 70 00:02:59,960 --> 00:02:57,960 the eye to swell the back of the eyeball 71 00:03:01,640 --> 00:02:59,970 flattens as pressure builds behind it 72 00:03:04,730 --> 00:03:01,650 and the blood vessels in the back of the 73 00:03:06,980 --> 00:03:04,740 eyeball also swell these changes can 74 00:03:08,840 --> 00:03:06,990 affect the astronauts vision one change 75 00:03:10,699 --> 00:03:08,850 is that the astronauts become farsighted 76 00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:10,709 a second change is that they can develop 77 00:03:15,110 --> 00:03:13,470 cotton-wool spots which represent damage 78 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:15,120 of the nerve fibers in the back of the 79 00:03:21,260 --> 00:03:17,730 eye these can cause discrete areas of 80 00:03:22,820 --> 00:03:21,270 vision loss NASA is working to 81 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:22,830 understand to prevent these changes in 82 00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:24,450 astronauts which may also help us 83 00:03:53,140 --> 00:03:26,250 understand and prevent related vision 84 00:03:58,220 --> 00:03:56,390 in space and on earth we have physicians 85 00:04:00,440 --> 00:03:58,230 that help maintain our health meet my 86 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:00,450 good friend dr. Joe Schmidt Joe good 87 00:04:04,070 --> 00:04:01,890 morning Tracy good morning welcome to 88 00:04:05,150 --> 00:04:04,080 station life it's great to be here it's 89 00:04:07,370 --> 00:04:05,160 so great to have you 90 00:04:08,780 --> 00:04:07,380 you know Joe Schmidt was my flight 91 00:04:10,130 --> 00:04:08,790 surgeon when I was on board the 92 00:04:12,530 --> 00:04:10,140 International Space Station but our 93 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:12,540 relationship began way before that even 94 00:04:16,219 --> 00:04:14,610 before we started to be flight surgeon 95 00:04:18,229 --> 00:04:16,229 and crew member we actually played in a 96 00:04:20,780 --> 00:04:18,239 band together but more importantly we 97 00:04:21,979 --> 00:04:20,790 started working together about 17 months 98 00:04:23,960 --> 00:04:21,989 before I actually launched into space 99 00:04:24,950 --> 00:04:23,970 through all my training and preparation 100 00:04:27,170 --> 00:04:24,960 for this mission 101 00:04:28,580 --> 00:04:27,180 Joe talk a little bit about what it's 102 00:04:31,520 --> 00:04:28,590 called what it's like to be a flight 103 00:04:33,650 --> 00:04:31,530 surgeon a flight surgeon yes for me it's 104 00:04:35,690 --> 00:04:33,660 the best job on the planet we get to 105 00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:35,700 take care of extremely healthy and fit 106 00:04:41,270 --> 00:04:38,250 individuals and take them and allow them 107 00:04:43,190 --> 00:04:41,280 to go from the earth to orbit and orbit 108 00:04:45,230 --> 00:04:43,200 be in a place that's a vacuum with and 109 00:04:46,850 --> 00:04:45,240 with lots of radiation and you're in 110 00:04:47,930 --> 00:04:46,860 microgravity and we're going to ensure 111 00:04:49,640 --> 00:04:47,940 that you're just going to stay healthy 112 00:04:51,890 --> 00:04:49,650 and fit throughout your mission and 113 00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:51,900 you're not just in a doctor's office or 114 00:04:55,460 --> 00:04:53,610 a clinic you're also in Mission Control 115 00:04:57,230 --> 00:04:55,470 and you're in you're at the launch site 116 00:04:59,210 --> 00:04:57,240 you're everywhere well that's when it's 117 00:05:00,890 --> 00:04:59,220 true and for the benefit of you being 118 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:00,900 able to call me Tracy will call me from 119 00:05:05,150 --> 00:05:02,970 orbit and you know I have a special 120 00:05:07,340 --> 00:05:05,160 number on here that says ISS Tracy 121 00:05:09,320 --> 00:05:07,350 Caldwell Dyson Tony and I have to take 122 00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:09,330 the call to my patients so it's it is 123 00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:12,030 the ultimate in telemedicine okay can 124 00:05:14,690 --> 00:05:13,080 you talk a little bit about the 125 00:05:16,129 --> 00:05:14,700 difference between we have space 126 00:05:17,750 --> 00:05:16,139 medicine and we have traditional 127 00:05:19,580 --> 00:05:17,760 medicine what makes space medicine so 128 00:05:22,159 --> 00:05:19,590 different so I'm a family practice 129 00:05:23,750 --> 00:05:22,169 physician by training and then I had 130 00:05:25,879 --> 00:05:23,760 some additional training as a aerospace 131 00:05:27,950 --> 00:05:25,889 medicine and our job is basically to 132 00:05:30,050 --> 00:05:27,960 keep you healthy and keep you flying so 133 00:05:31,790 --> 00:05:30,060 as we said we're going to take you there 134 00:05:33,860 --> 00:05:31,800 very healthy and fit and we're going to 135 00:05:36,409 --> 00:05:33,870 expose you to the extremes of space and 136 00:05:38,629 --> 00:05:36,419 other environments and we have to ensure 137 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:38,639 that you are fit your hardest fit your 138 00:05:44,719 --> 00:05:41,250 bones are fit your brain is fit and your 139 00:05:46,190 --> 00:05:44,729 and your psychological evaluations are 140 00:05:48,230 --> 00:05:46,200 all good to go so that's what we're 141 00:05:49,730 --> 00:05:48,240 gonna do take you to work oh and you did 142 00:05:51,980 --> 00:05:49,740 and you took really good care of me Joe 143 00:05:53,870 --> 00:05:51,990 I remember one of the most exciting and 144 00:05:56,060 --> 00:05:53,880 extreme things I got to do was a space 145 00:05:57,710 --> 00:05:56,070 walk or two and there you were you were 146 00:05:59,690 --> 00:05:57,720 with me through the whole thing it was 147 00:06:00,360 --> 00:05:59,700 exciting for me too I have the I have a 148 00:06:01,640 --> 00:06:00,370 cat bird 149 00:06:04,770 --> 00:06:01,650 see and that I'm in mission control 150 00:06:07,350 --> 00:06:04,780 monitoring your your systems as well as 151 00:06:09,450 --> 00:06:07,360 your space suit systems so I monitor 152 00:06:12,090 --> 00:06:09,460 your EKG as you're doing your spacewalk 153 00:06:13,260 --> 00:06:12,100 I monitor your your suit systems to 154 00:06:14,159 --> 00:06:13,270 ensure that you have enough oxygen 155 00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:14,169 remaining 156 00:06:18,270 --> 00:06:16,090 that your carbon dioxide hasn't built up 157 00:06:20,189 --> 00:06:18,280 and I'm also listening to your voice to 158 00:06:22,409 --> 00:06:20,199 deter the Cure not getting overly 159 00:06:23,850 --> 00:06:22,419 fatigued and that you're doing well in 160 00:06:26,370 --> 00:06:23,860 your space ball you know one of the 161 00:06:28,140 --> 00:06:26,380 things that drew us closer as well 162 00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:28,150 is some of the experiments that I did on 163 00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:30,400 orbit and and others as well where we're 164 00:06:34,110 --> 00:06:32,130 actually using remote guidance 165 00:06:36,810 --> 00:06:34,120 ultrasound techniques are one of the 166 00:06:40,200 --> 00:06:36,820 most common you act you are correct you 167 00:06:42,300 --> 00:06:40,210 are our hot hands eyes and actually 168 00:06:44,010 --> 00:06:42,310 doing all the tests for us on orbit so 169 00:06:45,570 --> 00:06:44,020 of course you've had the hours and hours 170 00:06:47,760 --> 00:06:45,580 of training but you know exactly which 171 00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:47,770 which angle to use for the heart which 172 00:06:52,740 --> 00:06:50,410 angular use for the carotid the eyes you 173 00:06:54,330 --> 00:06:52,750 studied your own body on orbit you are 174 00:06:56,700 --> 00:06:54,340 the person doing all that sort of 175 00:06:58,980 --> 00:06:56,710 testing on on yourself with the 176 00:07:00,659 --> 00:06:58,990 ultrasound yeah but I couldn't have done 177 00:07:02,850 --> 00:07:00,669 it if it weren't for you guys there in 178 00:07:04,020 --> 00:07:02,860 Mission Control guiding me through it 179 00:07:05,879 --> 00:07:04,030 that's that's one of the important 180 00:07:07,770 --> 00:07:05,889 relationships and we on orbit are the 181 00:07:10,950 --> 00:07:07,780 ones that are holding the probe we're 182 00:07:13,050 --> 00:07:10,960 pushing the buttons but it would be 183 00:07:15,240 --> 00:07:13,060 difficult to get the kind of results 184 00:07:17,460 --> 00:07:15,250 that we see these very detailed images 185 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:17,470 very useful data if it weren't for the 186 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:19,330 expertise that we have such as Joe 187 00:07:23,790 --> 00:07:21,010 sitting in Mission Control and our other 188 00:07:25,469 --> 00:07:23,800 investigators well it is important 189 00:07:27,839 --> 00:07:25,479 because we're taking you we've studied 190 00:07:29,940 --> 00:07:27,849 you on the ground we studied your EKG 191 00:07:31,770 --> 00:07:29,950 we've studied your echocardiogram that 192 00:07:34,110 --> 00:07:31,780 ultrasound of the heart we've started 193 00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:34,120 the vo2 max how much you actually 194 00:07:38,219 --> 00:07:36,400 breathe how much oxygen your body uses 195 00:07:40,020 --> 00:07:38,229 while you're exercising and why do we 196 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:40,030 need to do that we have to do it because 197 00:07:44,100 --> 00:07:42,010 we have to ensure that your body is 198 00:07:46,589 --> 00:07:44,110 still fit enough to continue for a 199 00:07:48,270 --> 00:07:46,599 six-month mission and you have to be fit 200 00:07:51,659 --> 00:07:48,280 enough to go out and do a spacewalk and 201 00:07:53,460 --> 00:07:51,669 as we compare the data from on-orbit to 202 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:53,470 on the ground we can say with surety 203 00:08:07,170 --> 00:07:55,570 that Tracy Caldwell Dyson is ready to go 204 00:08:11,760 --> 00:08:10,080 on board the space station one of the 205 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:11,770 tools that we have to study heart health 206 00:08:15,690 --> 00:08:13,810 is the ultrasound device which uses 207 00:08:18,030 --> 00:08:15,700 harmless sound waves to take detailed 208 00:08:19,890 --> 00:08:18,040 images of the inside of our bodies these 209 00:08:22,470 --> 00:08:19,900 images are then viewed by doctors and 210 00:08:23,880 --> 00:08:22,480 researchers inside Mission Control so 211 00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:23,890 with minimal training on ultrasound 212 00:08:28,230 --> 00:08:26,260 remote guidance techniques developed by 213 00:08:31,020 --> 00:08:28,240 NASA allow US astronauts to take 214 00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:31,030 detailed images of our own heart in our 215 00:08:34,830 --> 00:08:33,130 next segment we're going to travel to a 216 00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:34,840 small community in Brazil that has 217 00:08:38,310 --> 00:08:36,610 benefited from remote medicine 218 00:08:40,230 --> 00:08:38,320 techniques that were advanced by 219 00:08:53,730 --> 00:08:40,240 research onboard the International Space 220 00:08:55,500 --> 00:08:53,740 Station miniaturize is a large state our 221 00:08:57,360 --> 00:08:55,510 territory is about the size of France 222 00:09:00,380 --> 00:08:57,370 and we consist of eight hundred and 223 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:00,390 fifty three units and municipalities 224 00:09:05,460 --> 00:09:03,010 there are large distances between our 225 00:09:11,100 --> 00:09:05,470 communities and many very isolated rural 226 00:09:15,630 --> 00:09:13,680 we are using new technology that impacts 227 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:15,640 the quality of prenatal care and the 228 00:09:19,800 --> 00:09:17,920 diagnostic capacity of the primary care 229 00:09:29,100 --> 00:09:19,810 doctor in these situations involving 230 00:09:31,290 --> 00:09:29,110 distant isolated communities providing 231 00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:31,300 medical care for people in remote 232 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:33,610 locations like this in rural communities 233 00:09:38,340 --> 00:09:36,010 or the International Space Station can 234 00:09:42,420 --> 00:09:38,350 be difficult because trained medical 235 00:09:45,180 --> 00:09:42,430 personnel are not always available NASA 236 00:09:47,190 --> 00:09:45,190 research teams develop techniques that 237 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:47,200 enable astronauts aboard the space 238 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:49,600 station with minimal training to operate 239 00:09:56,880 --> 00:09:52,330 an ultrasound device using simple 240 00:09:59,370 --> 00:09:56,890 printed cutting the ultrasound images 241 00:10:01,740 --> 00:09:59,380 are transmitted in real-time to adopt 242 00:10:03,990 --> 00:10:01,750 her back on earth who can make medical 243 00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:04,000 decisions without actually being aboard 244 00:10:09,090 --> 00:10:07,360 the station these same techniques have 245 00:10:11,970 --> 00:10:09,100 been adapted for use with portable 246 00:10:13,650 --> 00:10:11,980 ultrasound devices in communities where 247 00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:13,660 expert medical care is not always 248 00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:21,250 available we are also incorporating the 249 00:10:25,050 --> 00:10:23,290 first-aid and emergency care components 250 00:10:27,090 --> 00:10:25,060 and improving first-aid at the scene of 251 00:10:28,980 --> 00:10:27,100 the accident and enabling the use of 252 00:10:36,660 --> 00:10:28,990 ultrasound to communicate to the medical 253 00:10:38,760 --> 00:10:36,670 communication center in the ambulance we 254 00:10:41,070 --> 00:10:38,770 can use ultrasound in various situations 255 00:10:43,290 --> 00:10:41,080 in those situations where time really 256 00:10:47,630 --> 00:10:43,300 matters in which you have little time to 257 00:10:52,200 --> 00:10:50,280 the idea of using ultrasound for 258 00:10:55,350 --> 00:10:52,210 healthcare is like an extension of the 259 00:10:57,920 --> 00:10:55,360 physical examination you are able to 260 00:11:00,270 --> 00:10:57,930 conduct the exam with much more detail 261 00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:00,280 and you can use it at the time 262 00:11:04,170 --> 00:11:02,170 to make a decision or you can use 263 00:11:06,030 --> 00:11:04,180 telemedicine platforms to obtain a 264 00:11:12,020 --> 00:11:06,040 second opinion from someone at a 265 00:11:18,120 --> 00:11:15,600 or monomers right here the Eugenie's my 266 00:11:22,380 --> 00:11:18,130 name is Yorick engineers I'm a doctor in 267 00:11:24,420 --> 00:11:22,390 the town of manga among the people live 268 00:11:26,060 --> 00:11:24,430 with the particularity and that is 269 00:11:29,190 --> 00:11:26,070 isolation 270 00:11:31,650 --> 00:11:29,200 nós temos know bhai - yo graphical news 271 00:11:34,470 --> 00:11:31,660 overseas we have a geographical barrier 272 00:11:36,450 --> 00:11:34,480 that is the San Francisco River which is 273 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:36,460 both a blessing for the region but it 274 00:11:45,660 --> 00:11:42,940 also isolates us we live in a region 275 00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:45,670 where financial resources are few people 276 00:11:50,070 --> 00:11:47,620 do not have a lot of work but they are 277 00:11:53,010 --> 00:11:50,080 honest good people who do not have much 278 00:11:55,350 --> 00:11:53,020 opportunity so there are many needy 279 00:11:57,210 --> 00:11:55,360 people who need these resources and rely 280 00:12:02,130 --> 00:11:57,220 only on this institution to provide 281 00:12:14,970 --> 00:12:02,140 assistance this is a technology that 282 00:12:16,530 --> 00:12:14,980 helps us so many problems that was the 283 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:16,540 case of a patient who came to the 284 00:12:20,910 --> 00:12:18,850 hospital with severe respiratory failure 285 00:12:24,990 --> 00:12:20,920 and the people realized she would die in 286 00:12:26,460 --> 00:12:25,000 just twenty to thirty minutes we ran we 287 00:12:27,960 --> 00:12:26,470 talked with doctor Preseli 288 00:12:30,270 --> 00:12:27,970 who was training us to use the 289 00:12:32,579 --> 00:12:30,280 ultrasound he came and applied the 290 00:12:35,610 --> 00:12:32,589 ultrasound and discovered large amounts 291 00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:35,620 of fluid around her lungs and heart we 292 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:37,570 performed a procedure and drained a lot 293 00:12:42,990 --> 00:12:41,410 of fluids in 20 minutes 10 minutes the 294 00:12:45,180 --> 00:12:43,000 woman immediately experienced an 295 00:12:47,810 --> 00:12:45,190 improvement and in half an hour was 296 00:12:52,050 --> 00:12:47,820 already walking it was like a miracle 297 00:12:53,700 --> 00:12:52,060 arise and walk she was dying in front of 298 00:12:56,369 --> 00:12:53,710 us without people knowing what was 299 00:13:13,989 --> 00:12:59,799 this ultrasound was instrumental in 300 00:13:15,579 --> 00:13:13,999 saving the life of that patient so now 301 00:13:17,499 --> 00:13:15,589 let's hear from some researchers who are 302 00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:17,509 studying the cardiovascular system off 303 00:13:28,780 --> 00:13:25,850 the earth for the earth but we're 304 00:13:30,970 --> 00:13:28,790 looking at a diverse number of 305 00:13:33,069 --> 00:13:30,980 cardiovascular parameters and how they 306 00:13:35,579 --> 00:13:33,079 change with spaceflight and how changes 307 00:13:39,579 --> 00:13:35,589 in the heart function or the heart 308 00:13:41,650 --> 00:13:39,589 structure will affect the ability to do 309 00:13:45,309 --> 00:13:41,660 exercise will affect the ability to 310 00:13:47,559 --> 00:13:45,319 stand after return to gravity and what 311 00:13:49,720 --> 00:13:47,569 influence that might have on the 312 00:13:55,890 --> 00:13:49,730 generation of cardiac rhythm 313 00:14:01,870 --> 00:13:58,930 we've learned that if you measure the 314 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:01,880 change in the amount of work part work 315 00:14:06,910 --> 00:14:04,010 now not physical work but cardiac work 316 00:14:08,890 --> 00:14:06,920 that's done in space versus on the 317 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:08,900 ground because the theory is that in 318 00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:10,730 space your heart is doing less work than 319 00:14:15,070 --> 00:14:12,320 it's doing on the ground but if you 320 00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:15,080 measure that change in work and then you 321 00:14:20,440 --> 00:14:17,420 can relate that directly to how much 322 00:14:23,470 --> 00:14:20,450 mass or how big or small the heart is 323 00:14:26,080 --> 00:14:23,480 and a change in cardiac mass so we've 324 00:14:29,190 --> 00:14:26,090 verified that for that and we've seen 325 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:29,200 changes in heart size in the astronauts 326 00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:33,050 from pre-flight to post flight then our 327 00:14:38,110 --> 00:14:35,810 secondary goals for the experiment are 328 00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:38,120 to look at those changes and see whether 329 00:14:44,050 --> 00:14:41,360 these reflect in changes in their 330 00:14:47,140 --> 00:14:44,060 ability to perform in an exercise regime 331 00:14:49,570 --> 00:14:47,150 or their ability to perform in standing 332 00:14:51,790 --> 00:14:49,580 upright pre or post flight or does it 333 00:14:57,769 --> 00:14:51,800 relate to the generation of any as I 334 00:15:02,690 --> 00:15:00,200 well we think this have some some 335 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:02,700 applications to the earth particularly 336 00:15:08,850 --> 00:15:05,770 we've had for decades nASA has used 337 00:15:10,170 --> 00:15:08,860 bedrest as an analog or spaceflight 338 00:15:12,990 --> 00:15:10,180 particularly as it relates to the 339 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:13,000 cardiovascular system so this may have 340 00:15:18,660 --> 00:15:15,810 implications for those people who are 341 00:15:20,550 --> 00:15:18,670 otherwise relegated to sedentary 342 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:20,560 positions either because of injury or 343 00:15:26,340 --> 00:15:24,010 because of disease or there may indeed 344 00:15:29,310 --> 00:15:26,350 be some parallels between people who 345 00:15:31,140 --> 00:15:29,320 have heart failure and decreases in 346 00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:31,150 cardiac mass that we might see with with 347 00:15:35,460 --> 00:15:33,400 spaceflight so we're looking to make 348 00:15:42,510 --> 00:15:35,470 those kinds of analogies in the future 349 00:15:44,130 --> 00:15:42,520 as well well you know there's there's 350 00:15:47,790 --> 00:15:44,140 certainly a whole lot more people on 351 00:15:51,450 --> 00:15:47,800 earth and there are in space so if there 352 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:51,460 are either equivalent situations on 353 00:15:56,340 --> 00:15:53,850 earth that could help supplement our 354 00:15:59,700 --> 00:15:56,350 knowledge base for spaceflight or 355 00:16:01,590 --> 00:15:59,710 conversely if in order to prevent some 356 00:16:03,180 --> 00:16:01,600 of the changes we see in spaceflight we 357 00:16:05,910 --> 00:16:03,190 develop certain countermeasures these 358 00:16:08,040 --> 00:16:05,920 may be applicable as put in quotes 359 00:16:21,790 --> 00:16:08,050 treatments in the clinical environment 360 00:16:21,800 --> 00:16:27,690 No 361 00:16:33,010 --> 00:16:30,700 so with all this exercise going on is it 362 00:16:34,180 --> 00:16:33,020 really working well researchers along 363 00:16:35,770 --> 00:16:34,190 with the astronauts strength 364 00:16:37,330 --> 00:16:35,780 conditioning and rehabilitation 365 00:16:39,760 --> 00:16:37,340 specialists have made great progress 366 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:39,770 before we had a full gym onboard the 367 00:16:43,630 --> 00:16:41,930 International Space Station astronauts 368 00:16:45,390 --> 00:16:43,640 needed quite a bit of recovery time when 369 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:45,400 they came back home to earth but today 370 00:16:50,170 --> 00:16:47,450 astronauts are coming back home and 371 00:16:52,150 --> 00:16:50,180 excellent health my name is Mark 372 00:16:55,180 --> 00:16:52,160 Williams I'm the lead astronaut strength 373 00:16:56,560 --> 00:16:55,190 and conditioning coach onboard the 374 00:16:58,540 --> 00:16:56,570 International Space Station we have 375 00:17:01,450 --> 00:16:58,550 three pieces of hardware we have a cycle 376 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:01,460 which we call seevis we have a treadmill 377 00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:03,290 which is called t2 and we have a 378 00:17:08,310 --> 00:17:05,150 resistive exercise device which is 379 00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:08,320 called a red in each device is 380 00:17:12,790 --> 00:17:10,370 specifically designed to do certain 381 00:17:15,580 --> 00:17:12,800 things for the astronaut we try to do 382 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:15,590 one of those particular vices every 383 00:17:19,630 --> 00:17:17,930 other day one of them we're going to get 384 00:17:21,310 --> 00:17:19,640 a little bit better cardiovascular 385 00:17:22,960 --> 00:17:21,320 fitness out of it the other one we get a 386 00:17:24,850 --> 00:17:22,970 little bit more impact loading like 387 00:17:27,010 --> 00:17:24,860 running on the ground you get so that 388 00:17:30,360 --> 00:17:27,020 affects muscle it affect a little bit of 389 00:17:32,560 --> 00:17:30,370 bone those things those are the 390 00:17:35,140 --> 00:17:32,570 physiological aspects of it but then 391 00:17:37,060 --> 00:17:35,150 also making sure when they come home 392 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:37,070 from a six-month flight if they don't 393 00:17:41,650 --> 00:17:39,410 come home like a bowl of jell-o you know 394 00:17:43,990 --> 00:17:41,660 they're gonna lose muscle they're gonna 395 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:44,000 lose strength they're gonna lose bone 396 00:17:47,740 --> 00:17:45,170 they're gonna lose 397 00:17:50,350 --> 00:17:47,750 cardiovascular fitness but at the same 398 00:17:52,150 --> 00:17:50,360 time then we have to take them get them 399 00:17:53,890 --> 00:17:52,160 back to where they were before they left 400 00:17:55,990 --> 00:17:53,900 which is what we do in our post-flight 401 00:17:58,060 --> 00:17:56,000 period once they come home for about six 402 00:17:59,890 --> 00:17:58,070 to eight weeks and just get them 403 00:18:02,170 --> 00:17:59,900 prepared back to normal life you know 404 00:18:03,910 --> 00:18:02,180 doing their job work doing their family 405 00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:03,920 doing yard work whatever that happens to 406 00:18:21,360 --> 00:18:19,230 being an educator today is not easy 407 00:18:23,340 --> 00:18:21,370 we here at Hight's elementary school are 408 00:18:25,350 --> 00:18:23,350 not here simply to educate our students 409 00:18:26,610 --> 00:18:25,360 in the academic realm it's so important 410 00:18:28,500 --> 00:18:26,620 for our students to be lifelong learners 411 00:18:30,630 --> 00:18:28,510 and we have to think about ways that we 412 00:18:33,660 --> 00:18:30,640 motivate them to do so there are so many 413 00:18:37,230 --> 00:18:33,670 distractions that we have to compete 414 00:18:38,820 --> 00:18:37,240 with iPads Xbox video games Internet far 415 00:18:41,820 --> 00:18:38,830 too many channels of cable television 416 00:18:44,550 --> 00:18:41,830 what we need is something that kids will 417 00:18:46,650 --> 00:18:44,560 be highly motivated about something to 418 00:18:58,680 --> 00:18:46,660 keep them physically fit as well as 419 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:01,200 what we needed was a new tool to help 420 00:19:05,820 --> 00:19:03,970 these kids think about diet and exercise 421 00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:05,830 in order to make the healthy choices 422 00:19:10,200 --> 00:19:08,470 they need to I knew what that tool was 423 00:19:12,110 --> 00:19:10,210 it was something that inspired me as a 424 00:19:16,740 --> 00:19:12,120 kid and continues to inspire me today 425 00:19:18,450 --> 00:19:16,750 the space program the importance of an 426 00:19:20,760 --> 00:19:18,460 astronaut's physical exercise and proper 427 00:19:22,560 --> 00:19:20,770 diet cannot be understated not just for 428 00:19:24,120 --> 00:19:22,570 the fitness of the astronaut but also to 429 00:19:25,650 --> 00:19:24,130 ensure that they stay mentally focused 430 00:19:27,330 --> 00:19:25,660 and productive during their stay on 431 00:19:29,220 --> 00:19:27,340 International Space Station and for 432 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:29,230 future missions whether due to asteroids 433 00:19:34,740 --> 00:19:32,050 and then on Mars in response to the 434 00:19:38,370 --> 00:19:34,750 rising childhood obesity rate nASA has 435 00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,380 developed a series of activities based 436 00:19:43,770 --> 00:19:40,720 on astronaut training and we call that 437 00:19:45,840 --> 00:19:43,780 train like an astronaut example so 438 00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:45,850 between like an asura activities include 439 00:19:51,360 --> 00:19:48,130 things that we do exactly as we do on 440 00:19:54,840 --> 00:19:51,370 the ISS cycling resistance training and 441 00:19:57,810 --> 00:19:54,850 cardiovascular and then onto dexterity 442 00:20:00,960 --> 00:19:57,820 putting puzzles together making healthy 443 00:20:03,870 --> 00:20:00,970 food choices and working as a team all 444 00:20:06,150 --> 00:20:03,880 activities as they truly do on the ISS 445 00:20:07,710 --> 00:20:06,160 train like an astronaut activities are 446 00:20:09,810 --> 00:20:07,720 flexible enough to be used in 447 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:09,820 conjunction with other programs like NFL 448 00:20:14,850 --> 00:20:12,250 play 60 what makes this program unique 449 00:20:18,930 --> 00:20:14,860 is that we're using the human challenges 450 00:20:20,970 --> 00:20:18,940 of spaceflight to inspire as well as 451 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:20,980 motivate our children to make healthy 452 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:22,690 choices throughout their life we're 453 00:20:27,780 --> 00:20:25,170 currently in 24 countries with over 454 00:20:30,060 --> 00:20:27,790 24,000 participants and growing every 455 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:30,070 year this is expanded to such an 456 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:32,530 incredible opportunity for both myself 457 00:20:37,110 --> 00:20:34,690 and for educators around the world to 458 00:20:38,940 --> 00:20:37,120 make such an impact on the lives of 459 00:20:39,370 --> 00:20:38,950 children both with fitness as well as 460 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:39,380 nature 461 00:20:43,600 --> 00:20:42,050 it was excitement for the whole thing to 462 00:20:45,010 --> 00:20:43,610 the students you were just doing 463 00:20:46,750 --> 00:20:45,020 exercises anymore 464 00:20:49,360 --> 00:20:46,760 they were training like an astronaut 465 00:20:53,710 --> 00:20:49,370 true success of this program is the 466 00:20:57,130 --> 00:20:53,720 educators an example of a teacher that 467 00:20:59,530 --> 00:20:57,140 has worked and motivated his children is 468 00:21:02,320 --> 00:20:59,540 an outstanding educator by the name of 469 00:21:04,090 --> 00:21:02,330 Tim burrito this gentleman excited them 470 00:21:07,780 --> 00:21:04,100 and inspired him in ways that we never 471 00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:07,790 could do it and with that he's helping 472 00:21:13,570 --> 00:21:10,610 us grow the 21st century leadership that 473 00:21:15,550 --> 00:21:13,580 we so desperately need mr. Verger Ito is 474 00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:15,560 extremely passionate about the train 475 00:21:20,140 --> 00:21:17,570 like an astronaut program I think he 476 00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:20,150 himself would like to be an astronaut he 477 00:21:23,710 --> 00:21:21,770 comes to life when he's teaching the 478 00:21:26,170 --> 00:21:23,720 kids and talking about the program the 479 00:21:29,020 --> 00:21:26,180 kids feel that enthusiasm we're just so 480 00:21:35,539 --> 00:21:29,030 fortunate to have him oh it's truly the 481 00:21:40,109 --> 00:21:37,859 they say your astronaut training doesn't 482 00:21:41,759 --> 00:21:40,119 begin when NASA hires cool it begins 483 00:21:44,009 --> 00:21:41,769 when you're young by learning about 484 00:21:47,039 --> 00:21:44,019 space and the world around us and by 485 00:21:48,659 --> 00:21:47,049 making healthy choices in life today I'd 486 00:21:51,659 --> 00:21:48,669 like to recognize an outstanding 487 00:21:53,519 --> 00:21:51,669 physical education teacher Tim vigor Ito 488 00:21:55,529 --> 00:21:53,529 for being a champion from the train like 489 00:21:58,109 --> 00:21:55,539 an astronaut program and influencing 490 00:21:59,909 --> 00:21:58,119 thousands of students today it is 491 00:22:01,799 --> 00:21:59,919 educators like you that truly make a 492 00:22:03,749 --> 00:22:01,809 difference in this world and who will 493 00:22:06,060 --> 00:22:03,759 inspire the next generation to propel 494 00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:06,070 humankind on future missions to Mars and 495 00:22:18,580 --> 00:22:15,100 this is too much for me it's become a 496 00:22:20,230 --> 00:22:18,590 way of life and I'm just so thankful to 497 00:22:21,880 --> 00:22:20,240 everyone for what it's done for me I 498 00:22:24,670 --> 00:22:21,890 just want to share that with my students 499 00:22:26,550 --> 00:22:24,680 maybe it'll inspire them to reach a 500 00:22:29,170 --> 00:22:26,560 little deeper to go a little further 501 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:29,180 maybe to try a little harder whatever it 502 00:22:41,900 --> 00:22:39,830 as you can see our International Space 503 00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:41,910 Station is an unprecedented research 504 00:22:46,460 --> 00:22:44,250 platform in space allowing doctors and 505 00:22:49,190 --> 00:22:46,470 scientists to conduct experiments that 506 00:22:51,289 --> 00:22:49,200 can't be done anywhere else for NASA 507 00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:51,299 solving these problems are vital for 508 00:22:56,930 --> 00:22:53,250 continuing the journey off the earth 509 00:22:59,000 --> 00:22:56,940 here on the earth as in space the keys 510 00:23:02,480 --> 00:22:59,010 to good heart health are proper 511 00:23:04,370 --> 00:23:02,490 nutrition and vigorous exercise well 512 00:23:05,510 --> 00:23:04,380 thanks for joining us on station life at 513 00:23:07,340 --> 00:23:05,520 our behind the scenes look at 514 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:07,350 cardiovascular research being done on 515 00:23:11,210 --> 00:23:08,970 board the International Space Station 516 00:23:13,070 --> 00:23:11,220 and be sure to follow us on Facebook and 517 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:13,080 Twitter for the latest research news and 518 00:23:15,890 --> 00:23:15,210 don't forget to download our new app on 519 00:23:18,560 --> 00:23:15,900 your mobile device